Due: Friday, October 25 (practicing IEW Tools)

PRACTICING OUR IEW TOOLS

Please write:

10 using the who or which clause (w/w)

write 5 sentences using the who clause and 

   5 sentences using the which clause

10 sentences correctly using the "ly" adverb 

10 VSS  = "very short sentences" 

VSS = 5 words or less

Here is a fun story that uses only VSSs:

Dorothy watched the rhino. It sniffed the pumpkin. Suddenly Dorothy sneezed. The rhino raised its head. It snorted. Dorothy waved to distract it. The rhino pawed the earth. Dorothy threw her high heel. It hit the rhino. The rhino ate the shoe. She yelled, “Hey!” Then she stomped her foot. “That was my shoe!” The rhino chortled. Then it ate the pumpkin.

Due Friday, October 18, 2019 (Harriet Tubman)

Due Friday, October 18, 2019

Harriet Tubman Essay - 3 paragraphs
Information about Harriet Tubman can be found on this website: HARRIET TUBMAN INFORMATION

Start memorizing the Harriet Tubman poem so that you are ready to recite on Friday, October 25. Here is the poem: HARRIET TUBMAN POEM

Those who have not completed their 23rd Psalm recitation, should be ready to recite on October 18!  Practice, practice, practice!  :-)
The 23rd Psalm is on the right side bar.  ------->

“Harriet Tubman” by Eloise Greenfield

“Harriet Tubman” by Eloise Greenfield  (with lines numbered)

We will answer Questions 1 through 10 in class. 

Harriet Tubman 
by Eloise Greenfield 

1 Harriet Tubman didn’t take no stuff 
2 Wasn’t scared of nothing neither 
3 Didn’t come in this world to be no slave 
4 And wasn’t going to stay one either 

5 “Farewell!” she sang to her friends one night 
6 She was mighty sad to leave ‘em 
7 But she ran away that dark, hot night 
8 Ran looking for her freedom 

9 She ran to the woods and she ran through the woods 
10 With the slave catchers right behind her 
11 And she kept on going till she got to the North 
12 Where those mean men couldn’t find her. 

13 Nineteen times she went back South 
14 To get three hundred others 
15 She ran for her freedom nineteen times 
16 To save Black sisters and brothers 

17 Harriet Tubman didn’t take no stuff 
18 Wasn’t scared of nothing neither 
19 Didn’t come in this world to be no slave 
20 And didn’t stay one either 

21 And didn’t stay one either 


1) What does didn’t take no stuff mean as it is used in Line 1 of “Harriet Tubman?” 
a. didn’t steal 
b. wasn’t tolerant 
c. wasn’t honest 
d. wasn’t brave 

2) Which statement best supports the answer to Part A? 
a. Ran looking for her freedom 
b. Kept on going till she got to the North 
c. Nineteen times she went back South 
d. But she ran away that dark, hot night. 

3) Harriet Tubman seems determined to escape slavery. 
    What shows her determination to escape? 
a. She left her friends. 
b. She ran away on a hot night. 
c. She was chased by the slave catches while she was running away. d. She wasn’t afraid of anything. 

4) Which statement best supports the answer to the previous question? 
a. “’Farewell!’ she sang to her friends one night.” 
b. “…She ran through the woods, with the slave catchers right behind her.” 
c. “She ran for her freedom nineteen times.” 
d. “But she ran away that dark, hot night” 

5) What detail best supports the answer above? 
a. “dark, hot night” 
b. “stay one either” 
c. “mighty sad” 
d. “mean men” 

6). What literary device does the poet use throughout the poem? 
a. Rhyme 
b. Metaphor 
c. Repetition 
d. Alliteration 

7) What literary device does the author use in the first and last stanzas?
a. Simile 
b. Metaphor 
c. Repetition 
d. Alliteration 

8) In what century was Harriet Tubman born?
a. 1700s
b. 1800s
c. 1900s
d. 2000s

9) What secret network did Harriet Tubman use?
a. morse code
b. invisibility cloak
c. Underground Railroad
d. the dark web

10) Abolitionist would
a. help Harriet
b. arrest Harriet
c. turn Harriet over to slave catchers
d. kill Harriet

Harriet Tubman Information

Here is LOTS of information about Harriet Tubman. I have posted three

reputable articles about her.

• Read through the information.
• Decide what you want to use for your essay.
• KWO the parts you want to re-write.
• Write your rough draft using only YOUR KWO.
• Edit and re-write as many times as necessary to get to your final draft

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Harriet Tubman

Perhaps one of the best known personalities of the Civil War, Harriet Tubman was born into slavery as Araminta Ross, on the Eastern Shore of Maryland, sometime in 1820 or 1821. As a child, Tubman was “hired out” to various masters who proved to be particularly cruel and abusive to her. As a result of a head injury caused by one of these men, she suffered from seizures and “visions” for the rest of her life, which she believed were sent from God.

In 1840, Tubman’s father was freed as a result of a stipulation in his master’s will, but continued to work for his former owner’s family. Although Tubman, her mother, and her siblings were also supposed to be freed, the law was ignored and they remained enslaved. Tubman married a free black in 1844, and changed her first name from Araminta to Harriet.

In 1849, Tubman became seriously ill with complications from her head injury, and her owner decided to sell her, but could not find a buyer. After her owner’s sudden death, the family began selling off all of the slaves. Not wanting to have her family separated, Tubman was determined to escape. A first attempt, in which Tubman was accompanied by her brothers, was aborted when they had second thoughts. Tubman decided to try again on her own, and she escaped via the Underground Railroad into Pennsylvania.

Tubman settled in Philadelphia and was able to support herself doing odd jobs. But in 1850, word came that her niece and her two children were to be sold. Tubman was determined to help, and went back to Maryland. With the assistance of her brother-in-law, Tubman was able to bring her niece and the two children back safely to Philadelphia. This was the first of many trips that Tubman would make to lead family members and others to freedom. On one expedition, Tubman contacted her husband in the hopes that he would follow her to Pennsylvania, but he had remarried and preferred to remain in Maryland.

Over the course of 11 years, Tubman rescued over 70 slaves from Maryland, and assisted 50 or 60 others in making their way to Canada. During this time, her reputation in the abolitionist community grew, and she became acquainted with Frederick Douglass and John Brown. She also moved her base of operations to Auburn, New York, closer to the Canadian border. Tubman conducted her last rescue mission in November 1861, as the Civil War enveloped the nation.

Tubman offered her services to the Union Army, and in early 1862, she went to South Carolina to provide badly needed nursing care for black soldiers and newly liberated slaves. Working with General David Hunter, Tubman also began spying and scouting missions behind Confederate lines. In June of 1863, she accompanied Colonel James Montgomery in an assault on several plantations along the Combahee River, rescuing more than 700 slaves. Her deed was celebrated in the press and she became even more famous.

With the end of the war, Tubman returned to Auburn, NY and married a Civil War veteran. Although her service in the Union Army was much publicized, she had great difficulty in getting a pension from the government, but was eventually awarded a nurse’s pension in the 1880s. She did not stay idle in her later years, taking on the cause of women’s suffrage with the same determination she had shown for abolition.

Tubman established the Harriet Tubman Home for the Aged on a property adjacent to her own. After undergoing brain surgery to try to alleviate the symptoms from the head injury that had plagued her since childhood, and being essentially penniless, Tubman was forced to move into the home herself in 1911. She died there on March 10, 1913, surrounded by family and friends. She was buried with military honors at Fort Hill Cemetery in Auburn.

https://www.battlefields.org/learn/biographies/harriet-tubman

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Who Was Harriet Tubman?  A summary:

Born into slavery in Maryland, Harriet Tubman escaped to freedom in the North in 1849 to become the most famous "conductor" on the Underground Railroad. Tubman risked her life to lead hundreds of family members and other slaves from the plantation system to freedom on this elaborate secret network of safe houses. A leading abolitionist before the American Civil War, Tubman also helped the Union Army during the war, working as a spy among other roles.

After the Civil War ended, Tubman dedicated her life to helping impoverished former slaves and the elderly.

Harriet Tubman’s Date of Birth and Family

Tubman’s date of birth is unknown, although it probably occurred between 1820 and 1825. She was one of nine children born between 1808 and 1832 to enslaved parents in Dorchester County, Maryland. Her mother, Harriet “Rit” Green, was owned by Mary Pattison Brodess. Her father, Ben Ross, who was owned by Anthony Thompson (These two slave owners eventually married).

Originally named Araminta Harriet Ross, Tubman was nicknamed “Minty” by her parents. Araminta changed her name to Harriet around the time of her marriage, possibly to honor her mother.

Harriet Tubman’s Childhood 

Tubman’s early life was full of hardship. Three of Tubman’s sisters were sold to distant plantations. A trader from Georgia tried to buy Moses, the youngest in Harriet's family. Harriet Tubman's mother, Rit successfully stopped the sale which prevented the further fracturing of the family. This set a powerful example for Harriet.

Physical violence was a part of daily life for Tubman and her family. The violence she suffered early in life caused permanent physical injuries. Tubman later recounted a particular day when she was lashed five times before breakfast. She carried the scars for the rest of her life.

The most severe injury occurred when Tubman was an adolescent. Sent to a dry-goods store for supplies, she encountered a slave who had left the fields without permission. The man’s overseer demanded that Tubman help restrain the runaway. When Tubman refused, the overseer threw a two-pound weight that struck her in the head. Tubman endured seizures, severe headaches and narcoleptic episodes for the rest of her life.

The line between freedom and slavery was hazy for Tubman and her family. Tubman’s father, Ben, was freed from slavery at the age of 45, as stipulated in the will of a previous owner. Nonetheless, Ben had few options but to continue working as a timber estimator and foreman for his former owners.

Although similar manumission (release from slavery) stipulations applied to Tubman's mother Rit and her children, the individuals who owned the family chose not to free them. Despite his free status, Ben had little power to challenge their decision.

Husbands and Children

In 1844, Harriet married a free black man named John Tubman. At the time around half of the African-American people on the eastern shore of Maryland were free, and was not unusual for a family to include both free and enslaved people.

Little is known about John Tubman or his marriage to Harriet, including whether and how long they lived together. Any children they might have had would have been considered enslaved, since the mother’s status dictated that of any offspring. John declined to make the voyage on the Underground Railroad with Harriet, preferring to stay in Maryland with a new wife.

In 1869, Tubman married a Civil War veteran named Nelson Davis. In 1874, the couple adopted a baby girl named Gertie.

Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad

Between 1850 and 1860, Tubman made 19 trips from the South to the North following the network known as the Underground Railroad. She guided more than 300 people, including her parents and several siblings, from slavery to freedom, earning the nickname “Moses” for her leadership.

Tubman first encountered the Underground Railroad when she used it to escape slavery herself in 1849. Following a bout of illness and the death of her owner, Tubman decided to escape slavery in Maryland for Philadelphia. She feared that her family would be further severed and was concerned for her own fate as a sickly slave of low economic value.

Two of her brothers, Ben and Harry, accompanied her on September 17, 1849. Cambridge Democrat offering a $300 reward for the return of Araminta (Harriet Tubman), Harry and Ben brothers had second thoughts and returned to the plantation. Tubman had no plans to remain in bondage. Seeing her brothers safely home, she soon set off alone for Pennsylvania.

However, after a notice was published in the

Making use of the Underground Railroad, Tubman traveled nearly 90 miles to Philadelphia. She crossed into the free state of Pennsylvania with a feeling of relief and awe, and recalled later: “When I found I had crossed that line, I looked at my hands to see if I was the same person. There was such a glory over everything; the sun came like gold through the trees, and over the fields, and I felt like I was in Heaven.”

Rather than remaining in the safety of the North, Tubman made it her mission to rescue her family and others living in slavery via the Underground Railroad. In December 1850, Tubman received a warning that her niece Kessiah was going to be sold, along with her two young children. Kessiah’s husband, a free black man named John Bowley, made the winning bid for his wife at an auction in Baltimore. Tubman then helped the entire family make the journey to Philadelphia. This was the first of many trips by Tubman.

The dynamics of escaping slavery changed in 1850, with the passage of the Fugitive Slave Law. This law stated that escaped slaves could be captured in the North and returned to slavery, leading to the abduction of former slaves and free blacks living in Free States. Law enforcement officials in the North were compelled to aid in the capture of slaves, regardless of their personal principles.

In response to the law, Tubman re-routed the Underground Railroad to Canada, which prohibited slavery categorically. In December 1851, Tubman guided a group of 11 fugitives northward. There is evidence to suggest that the party stopped at the home of abolitionist and former slave Frederick Douglass.

In April 1858, Tubman was introduced to the abolitionist John Brown, who advocated the use of violence to disrupt and destroy the institution of slavery. Tubman shared Brown’s goals and at least tolerated his methods. 

When Brown began recruiting supporters for an attack on slaveholders at Harper’s Ferry, he turned to “General Tubman” for help. After Brown’s subsequent execution, Tubman praised him as a martyr.

Tubman remained active during the Civil War. Working for the Union Army as a cook and nurse, Tubman quickly became an armed scout and spy. The first woman to lead an armed expedition in the war, she guided the Combahee River Raid, which liberated more than 700 slaves in South Carolina.

Later Life

In early 1859, abolitionist Senator William H. Seward sold Tubman a small piece of land on the outskirts of Auburn, New York. The land in Auburn became a haven for Tubman’s family and friends. Tubman spent the years following the war on this property, tending to her family and others who had taken up residence there.

Despite Tubman’s fame and reputation, she was never financially secure. Tubman’s friends and supporters were able to raise some funds to support her. One admirer, Sarah H. Bradford, wrote a biography entitled Scenes in the Life of Harriet Tubman, with the proceeds going to Tubman and her family.

Tubman continued to give freely in spite of her economic woes. In 1903, she donated a parcel of her land to the African Methodist Episcopal Church in Auburn. The Harriet Tubman Home for the Aged opened on this site in 1908.

When and How Harriet Tubman Died

Tubman died of pneumonia on March 10, 1913, surrounded by friends and family, at around the age of 93. As Tubman aged, the head injuries sustained early in her life became more painful and disruptive. She underwent brain surgery at Boston’s Massachusetts General Hospital to alleviate the pains and "buzzing" she experienced regularly. Tubman was eventually admitted into the rest home named in her honor. She was buried with military honors at Fort Hill Cemetery in Auburn.

source: https://www.biography.com/activist/harriet-tubman

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HARRIET TUBMAN 1820-1913

Known as the “Moses of her people,” Harriet Tubman was enslaved, escaped, and helped others gain their freedom as a “conductor" of the Underground Railroad. Tubman also served as a scout, spy, guerrilla soldier, and nurse for the Union Army during the Civil War. She is considered the first African American woman to serve in the military. 

Tubman’s exact birth date is unknown, but estimates place it between 1820 and 1822 in Dorchester County, Maryland. Born Araminta Ross, the daughter of Harriet Green and Benjamin Ross, Tubman had eight siblings. By age five, Tubman’s owners rented her out to neighbors as a domestic servant. Early signs of her resistance to slavery and its abuses came at age twelve when she intervened to keep her master from beating an enslaved man who tried to escape. She was hit in the head with a two-pound weight, leaving her with a lifetime of severe headaches and narcolepsy.

Although slaves were not legally allowed to marry, Tubman entered a marital union with John Tubman, a free black man, in 1844. She took his name and dubbed herself Harriet.

Contrary to legend, Tubman did not create the Underground Railroad; it was established in the late eighteenth century by black and white abolitionists. Tubman likely benefitted from this network of escape routes and safe houses in 1849, when she and two brothers escaped north. Her husband refused to join her, and by 1851 he had married a free black woman. Tubman returned to the South several times and helped dozens of people escape. Her success led slaveowners to post a $40,000 reward for her capture or death.

Tubman was never caught and never lost a “passenger.” She participated in other antislavery efforts, including supporting John Brown in his failed 1859 raid on the Harpers Ferry, Virginia arsenal.

Through the Underground Railroad, Tubman learned the towns and transportation routes characterizing the South—information that made her important to Union military commanders during the Civil War. As a Union spy and scout, Tubman often transformed herself into an aging woman. She would wander the streets under Confederate control and learn from the enslaved population about Confederate troop placements and supply lines. Tubman helped many of these individuals find food, shelter, and even jobs in the North. She also became a respected guerrilla operative. As a nurse, Tubman dispensed herbal remedies to black and white soldiers dying from infection and disease.

After the war, Tubman raised funds to aid freedmen, joined Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony in their quest for women’s suffrage, cared for her aging parents, and worked with white writer Sarah Bradford on her autobiography as a potential source of income. She

married a Union soldier Nelson Davis, also born into slavery, who was more than twenty years her junior. Residing in Auburn, New York, she cared for the elderly in her home and in 1874, the Davises adopted a daughter. After an extensive campaign for a military pension, she was finally awarded $8 per month in 1895 as Davis’s widow (he died in 1888) and $20 in 1899 for her service. In 1896, she established the Harriet Tubman Home for the Aged on land near her home. Tubman died in 1913 and was buried with military honors at Fort Hill Cemetery in Auburn, New York.

source:  https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/harriet-tubman

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Due October 11, 2019 (re-submit & 23rd Psalm)

October 11th will be the LAST day to do your recitation of the beautiful 23rd Psalm.

This week's assignment is to re-submit your past essays with all corrections needed (& suggested).

Please use correct formatting.
12pt font - Verdana, New Times Roman, or Arial
Double Spaced
Correct Title block
Name & Due Date upper right corner <--- use original due date every time you submit

Due October 4 (you will need this BOOK REVIEW FORM)

BOOK REVIEW FORM

Name: ___________________________________________  Date: _________________________

STAR RATING:  1⭐ 2⭐⭐ 3⭐⭐⭐    4⭐⭐⭐⭐ 5⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐                                 

Title of Book:

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Author: ______________________________   Illustrator:  ____________________________

Year of publication: __________________     Awards: ________________________________

Main Character(s) and brief description(s):

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Main Setting(s):

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Time Period(s):

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What main events occurred in history at the time of this story?

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VOCABULARY  

1)  ____________________________   part of speech: _________________  page number: ___________ 

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